Europejskie Ramy Interoperacyjności redefiniują otwartość
- Dodano: 3 listopada 2009
- Wprowadził: michuk
- Komentarze: 139
Druga wersja Europejskich Ram Interoperacyjności zamazuje jasną definicję otwartego standardu, promując nowy termin „otwartości”. Dokument otwiera też furtkę dla administracji publicznej krajów członkowskich by całkowicie zignorować tę kwestię i pozostać przy własnościowych rozwiązaniach.
Oto jak „otwartość” („openness”) definiuje nowy dokument, którego szkic (European Interoperability Framework for European Public Services (EIF) Version 2.0) opublikowało niedawno MSWiA:
- All stakeholders can contribute to the elaboration of the specification and public review is organised;
- The specification document is freely available for everybody to study and to share with others;
- The specification can be implemented under the different software development approaches
„Otwartość” zdefiniowana jest więc na podstawie trzech kryteriów: publiczna weryfikacja standardu, dostępność dokumentacji oraz możliwość implementacji standardu za pomocą różnych modeli tworzenia oprogramowania (chodzi tu zapewne o oprogramowanie własnościowe i open source).
Porzucono więc wymóg, aby ciałem standaryzacyjnym była organizacja nie działająca dla zysku, zignorowano całkowicie patenty. Dla porównania, poprzednia wersja definicji otwartego standardu za standardy.org:
- jest przyjęty i zarządzany przez niedochodową organizację, a jego rozwój odbywa się w drodze otwartego procesu podejmowania decyzji (konsensusu, większości głosów, itp.), w którym mogą uczestniczyć wszyscy zainteresowani,
- jest opublikowany, a jego specyfikacja jest dostępna dla wszystkich zainteresowanych bezpłatnie lub po kosztach sporządzenia kopii oraz możliwa dla wszystkich do kopiowania, dystrybuowania i używania również bezpłatnie lub po kosztach operacyjnych,
- wszelkie związane z nim prawa autorskie, patenty i inna własność przemysłowa są nieodwołalnie udostępnione bez opłat
- nie ma żadnych ograniczeń w jego wykorzystaniu
Więcej informacji: http://www.mswia.gov.pl/portal/pl/256/78...ci_20.html
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Problem w tym, ze dotychczasowe pojecie "Otwartego Standardu" bylo zdefiniowane i wypromowane przez jedna, konkretna grupe interesow, silnie zwiazana z Free Software Foundation. Nigdy nie byl to jakis "ogolnie przyjety termin". Podobnie zreszta jak "free software", ktore – na zdrowy rozum i zgodnie z jezykiem angielskim – oznacza po prostu darmowe oprogramowanie. Oczywiscie nie ma w takich definicjach nic zlego, ale nie mozna uznawac ich za prawdy objawione i czepiac sie, kiedy ktos zaproponuje inna definicje – zwlaszcza jesli ta inna definicja jest sensowniejsza, jak w przypadku opisanym powyzej.
Jeśli już to wpływ miała tu Electronic Frontier Foundation, dość intensywnie lobbująca w UE. Jakoś nie widzi mi się, że FSF lobbowałby, żeby preferować w EIF 1.0 model "open source" (a taki zapisek tam się pojawił) :>
Co do nazewnictwa oczywiście zgoda, wszystko jest kwestią definicji. Przyjęło się jednak, przynajmniej w świecie technicznym określać jako "free software" oprogramowanie zapewniające 4 wolności, a darmowy soft ma swoje inne określenie: "freeware". Trzymanie się tego ma IMHO sens, bo inaczej ciężko będzie się dogadać, jeśli każdy przez dany termin rozumie co innego. Podobnie z "otwartym standardem".
W nowym drafcie EIF nie ma zresztą przedefiniowywania "otwartego standardu" z EIF 1.0. Wprowadzone jest nowe, ogólniejsze pojęcie "otwartości", które jest na tyle ogólne że, "po prostu można tam sobie podkładać różne treści i może nawet takie, które by nam tu nie odpowiadały" (parafrazując "Rejs").
Szerokie pole do popisu firmy z Redmont.
"free as in free speech" vs "free as in free beer" — nie slyszales o tym?
@nat: "Free <nazwa-dowolnego-produktu>" interpretuje sie "na pierwszy rzut oka" jako "darmowe". Mozesz oczywiscie zaczac snuc tezy o niesprawiedliwosci jezyka angielskiego albo o lobbyingu koncernow software'owych w kierunku zmian gramatyki, ale prosze – nie ze mna.
Kurde. Że też ludziska zapomnieli o swojej wolności, prywatności, itd. Obecnie to już tylko komercja, a najlepiej darmowa
(Z tąd duża popularność Windowsów, bo w końcu jest już wliczony w cenę komputera, a cena Windowsa jest tajna).
@trasz: nie dyskutuje, przypominam, albo oswiecam. jesli
nie wiesz, ze free to albo "wolny" albo "za friko" po
angielsku, to tyle nauczyc moge.. za darmo.
Dlatego tez powstal termin FLOSS: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_open_source… zeby uporzadkowac dyskusje. Darmowe i otwarte.
Nie masz racji. Zauważ, że definicję tę popierało również W3C. Inne ciała standaryzacyjne, jak chociażby ISO też popierały tę definicję.
Co ciekawe, na BetaNews opublikowany został artykuł sugerujący, że opublikowany przez nasze Ministerstwo Spraw Wewnętrznych i Administracji tekst EIF 2.0 to fake. Śmiesznie się robi.
A to betanews to co? Jakieś wiarygodne źródło?
Tekst podany w newsie jest wzięty z drafta, punkt 5.2.1.
Co ciekawe prace nad draftem były/są prowadzone niejawnie ale jakimś sposobem wyciekł on do sieci.
Nie wiem po co to potrząsanie szabelką. Nie jest tak, że ramy sa co najwyżej rekomendacją? Zdania o "Continuum" są czystą prawdą – pewne projekty są mniej, inne bardziej otwarte. M.in. te dla armii są mniej, te związane z GSM są mniej.
A rekomendowana jest otwartość, a nie zamkniętość:
"Recommendation 5. Public administrations should favour openness when working together to establish European Public Service while taking into account their priorities and constraints."
Gdyby dokument na sztywno stawiał sprawę, czy nawet ekstremalnie – mówił o kodzie źródłowym, co bywa ortogonalną sprawą do interoperacyjności, to nadal by była _rekomendacja_ dla państw członkowskich.
Teoretycznie masz rację, że nie powinno to mieć dużego znaczenia. Ale jednak jest zobligowanie krajów, żeby wdrożyły zalecenia w krajowych ramach interoperacyjności. I definicja otwartego standardu z EIF 1.0 była przydatna, bo jasno stwierdzała o czym mowa. Teraz definicji nie ma a otwartość jest przedstawiona jako coś fajnego, ale bez czego można żyć. To oczywiście kwestia dyskusyjna, ale ja jestem zdania że administracja publiczna bez otwartych standardów, przynajmniej na linii obywatel-państwo to farsa. Stąd moje zmartwienie projektem EIF 2.0 bo idzie on w przeciwnym kierunku niż jeszcze niedawno zmierzała Unia.
Penwnie czeka nas urzeczywistnienie wizji patentów na algorytmy w Europie. Po co inaczej mieliby określać, że otwarty standard już nie musi być wolnym od roszczeń patentowych?
@Sławek: Zeby mozna bylo ustandaryzowac cos, co nie jest technicznie piec lat za rozwiazaniami komercyjnymi?
Zauważ, że skoro w Europie patenty nie obowiązują, to po co możliwość stworzenia standardu objętego patentami na terenie Europy? W końcu standard, to nie tylko zaklepmy i będzie cacy. By ustanowić standard, ciała standaryzacyjne powinny zgłaszać swoje propozycje.
Nie ma tu mowy o otwartych standardach. Zwyczajnie zastąpiono standardy otwartością. To ma pewne plusy i pewne minusy. Lepiej używać rzeczy standaryzowanych, ale standaryzacja kosztuje. I czy na pewno jest potrzebna, gdy kod jest otwarty?
No i zagranicą można już o tym poczytać http://www.betanews.com/article/On-the-eve-of-a-n…
Patrz mój komentarz wyżej – betanews jest na prawdę beta i nie bardzo wiarygodne.
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